Geodetski Vestnik (Jan 2012)
Upravljanje poplavne ogroženosti kot sestavni del integrirane odpornosti urbanih območij ; Management of flood risks as an integral part of urban resilience
Abstract
Koncept varstva pred škodljivim delovanjem voda se sistemsko nanaša na odnos med poplavno nevarnostjo, poplavno ranljivostjo in poplavno ogroženostjo. Doslej je bila pozornost usmerjena predvsem na postopke in vsebine, povezane s poplavno nevarnostjo. Pri raziskovalnem delu s partnerji pa obravnavamo tudi poplavno ranljivost in ogroženost, kar omogoča začetek procesov za sistemsko zmanjšanje slednje. V prispevku bo predstavljen osnovni teoretični pristop, ki opredeljuje poplavno ranljivost, in iz tega izhajajočo poplavno ogroženost, oboje v povezavi s poplavno nevarnostjo. Pri tem je ključnega pomena denarno vrednotenje poplavne ogroženosti oziroma pričakovane poplavne škode. Podajamo tudi ugotovitev, da v evidencah, ki so na voljo v Sloveniji, manjka podatek o koti pritličja objekta. V članku bo predstavljen nov koncept opredeljevanja poplavne ogroženosti glede na različne namene: interventno ukrepanje, izbor ukrepov za zmanjšanje poplavne nevarnosti, razvoj individualnih zaščitnih ukrepov idr. Vsi navedeni ukrepi imajo tudi prostorsko dimenzijo, ki jo upoštevamo kot merilo pri umeščanju v prostor. Tako bo posebej poudarjen vidik prostorskega umeščanja obravnave poplavne ogroženosti in njenega zmanjševanja, ki bi moral biti vključen tudi v dokumente, s katerimi se opredeljuje prostorski razvoj nekega območja ; The conceptual framework of flood management addresses the relationship among flood hazard, flood vulnerability and flood risk. Most of the active efforts in the Republic of Slovenia were focused towards flood hazard mapping. In this research, the issue of flood vulnerability and flood hazard is addressed in order to systematically reduce flood hazards. In this article, an advanced theoretical approach is presented, which defines flood vulnerability and (in connection to flood risk) provides information on flood hazards. Based upon this, it is possible to define flood hazards in monetary terms. This approach is setting forward special information that is missing from existing public registries, i.e. benchmark data. The article also presents a new concept of flood hazard definition, which is based upon different uses of flood hazard information: rescue and relief measures, optimization and selection of flood hazard mitigation measures, development of individual flood proofing measures, and other. All the listed measures have their spatial dimension, which is also a subject of positioning into space. In this framework, an information of spatial positioning of existing flood hazard and mitigation measures aiming at the reduction of flood hazard is challenged, especially from the point of view of development of documents that define development of specific area.
