Association between funcional vision, balance and fear of falling in older adults with cataracts

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cataract is the most common visual problem in the elderly population. It affects mobility and balance as it reduces the perception of the edges of steps and sidewalks, as well as altering depth perception of the ground. It has been shown that poor performances in tests of distant contrast sensitivity and depth perception were independent predictors of increased sway in older people. OBJECTIVES: this study aimed to verify the association between functional balance, visual functioning and fear of falling in older adults with cataracts. METHOD: it was a transversal observational study in which 139 elderly patients (aged 71.4 ± 6.2 years) participated. Their vision was assessed using the Snellen chart and the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ). The Berg Balance Scale was used to assessment functional balance, the Timed Up and Go to assess mobility and Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) to assess the fear of falling. RESULTS: Statistically significant associations were found in the bivariate analyses between balance (Berg) and the variables: visual acuity (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.006); TUG (Pearson=-0.528, p=0.000) and FES-I, (Pearson=-0.355, p=0.000). Analysis of the multivariate regression between the BBS and the variables gender, age, visual acuity, VFQ, FES-I-Brazil and number of medicines used. The regression analysis explained a 32.8% variance in the dependent variable (Berg). CONCLUSIONS: visual deficits in the elderly can cause alterations in balance and mobility, contributing to a subsequent fear of falling.

Keywords

• Aged
• Cataract
• Vision, Ocular
• Fear
• Accidental Falls