Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Abstract A high‐quality perovskite photoactive layer plays a crucial role in determining the device performance. An additive engineering strategy is introduced by utilizing different concentrations of N,1‐diiodoformamidine (DIFA) in the perovskite precursor solution to essentially achieve high‐quality monolayer‐like perovskite films with enhanced crystallinity, hydrophobic property, smooth surface, and grain size up to nearly 3 µm, leading to significantly reduced grain boundaries, trap densities, and thus diminished hysteresis in the resultant perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized devices with 2% DIFA additive show the best device performance with a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.22%, as compared to the control devices with the highest PCE of 19.07%. 2% DIFA modified devices show better stability than the control ones. Overall, the introduction of DIFA additive is demonstrated to be a facile approach to obtain high‐efficiency, hysteresis‐less, and simultaneously stable PSCs.

Keywords

• additive engineering
• hydrophobic
• micron‐sized grain
• perovskite solar cells
• stability