Assessing sport commitment: the development and preliminary validation of recreational sport commitment questionnaire

Abstract

Abstract Background Presently, where inactivity is an overarching problem globally, participation in recreational sports activities has become an important outlet for promoting healthy lifestyles. However, there is a lack of instruments to evaluate the commitment of recreational and leisure sports users. This study aimed to adapt, develop and provide preliminary validation of the Recreational Sport Commitment Questionnaire (RESQ). Methods The development and validation process in this study consisted of four stages: Stage One involved item pool generation, Stage Two focused on content and face validation, Stage Three encompassed data collection, and Stage Four included the assessment of the psychometric properties of the RESQ. This final stage was conducted through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n = 275) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; n = 313) to evaluate convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. Results The initial item pool generated 60 items, whereby 42 items were retained after the content validity evaluation process by the panel of experts. Next, EFA analysis suggested 31 items distributed across seven factors. Lastly, psychometric properties of RESQ with 26 items were established through CFA (GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04, TLI = 0.96, X²/df = 1.52) and other psychometrics evidence. Conclusion Based on the collected psychometrics evidence, RESQ is a valid questionnaire to evaluate the commitment of recreational sports users. The newly developed questionnaire allows sports organizations to assess the factors influencing sport commitment among recreational sports users. Based on the results of RESQ, sport programmes can be tailored made to optimize sports engagement and promote continued commitment.

Keywords

• Sport commitment model
• Sport enjoyment
• Recreational sport
• Validity
• Reliability