International Journal of Hypertension (Jan 2021)

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among the Urban Population in Southeast Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Azmawati Mohammed Nawi,
  • Zulkefley Mohammad,
  • Kavita Jetly,
  • Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak,
  • Nur Suhada Ramli,
  • Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah,
  • Norfazilah Ahmad

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657003
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 2021

Abstract

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The trend of global prevalence for hypertension has been dramatically increasing for the past two decades in Southeast Asian countries. A systematic review aiming to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the urban population in Southeast Asian countries was conducted. We performed database searches of PubMed and Web of Science and performed meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence estimate. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of hypertension for Southeast Asian urban population was 33.82%. Among this, 33.98% of hypertension was reported in the community and 32.45% among adolescents in school. The common risk factors that we found were male, ethnicity, education and socioeconomic level, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, and dyslipidaemia. The review indicates an urgent need for primary and secondary prevention activities. Therefore, a multisectoral and intersectoral approach and collaboration should be undertaken to improve the overall health outcomes of all populations in all Southeast Asian countries.