Acta Biomedica Scientifica (May 2013)
SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL DETERMINANTS OF LIFE QUALITY OF POPULATION IN URBAN TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract
The intensification of production processes in coal, mining, metallurgical industry of Kazakhstan fundamentally changes not only working conditions, but also leads to the formation of unfavorable environmental conditions. The purpose of research scientific consortium of four Republican research centers was the control of the population health living in the areas of anthropogenic pollution, based on the analysis of environmental risks. The objects of study were the urbanized areas and the population of the Republic from a regional perspective on the priority industry sectors: energetics (Ekibastuz, Solnechnyi), uranium mining and the chemical industry (Taraz, Sozak, Sholakkorgan), non-ferrous metallurgy (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Glubokoe), oil extraction and processing (Aktau, Zhanaozen), ferrous metallurgy (Temirtau). Control was Schuchinsk and Burabai located on the territory of national park. The number of the surveyed population was up to 10-20 % of the total population, a retrospective of diseases included analysis of the previous 5 years. As a result were identified weather types and factors that aggravate environmental pollution (adverse type in both seasons of the year for the major territories), calculated levels of emission loads ("high degree" for the regions with ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, coal and power industry) highlighted areas with a high environmental risk population living (Temirtau, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Glubokoe). When using the original software for the data visualization were created 156 maps of environmental contamination, placed in the public domain on the Center's website www.ncgtpz.kz. Among the non-medical determinants health status was affected by poor quality of life, the high prevalence of adverse behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol abuse, improper feeding, low physical activity, liability to stress). Established the effect of pollution priority factors on the health and quality of life in children and adults. Usage of administrative measures designed to protect the public, for the correction and rehabilitation of Health departments, Sanitary Inspection, local governments will reduce the environmental pressure on urban areas.
