Short Words for Writer Identification Using Neural Networks

Abstract

In biometrics, it is desirable to distinguish a person using only a short sample of his handwriting. This problem is treated in the present work using only a short word with three letters. It is shown that short words can contribute to high-performance writer identification if line characteristics are extracted using morphological directional transformations. Thus, directional morphological structuring elements are used as a tool for extracting this kind of information with the morphological opening operation. The line characteristics are organized based on Markov chains so that the elements of the transition matrix are used as feature vectors for identification. The Markov chains describe the alternation in the directional line features along the word. The analysis of the feature space is carried out using the Fisher linear discriminant method. The identification performance is assessed using neural networks, where the simplest neural structures are sought. The capabilities of these simple neural structures are investigated theoretically concerning the achieved separability into the feature space. The identification capabilities of the neural networks are further assessed using the leave-one-out method. It is proved that the neural methods achieve identification performance that approaches 100%. The significance of the proposed method is that it is the only one in the literature that presents high identification performance using only one short word. Furthermore, the features used as well as the classifiers are simple and robust. The method is independent of the language used regardless of the direction of writing. The NIST database is used for extracting short-length words having only three letters each.

Keywords

• writer verification
• morphological line features
• time-series modeling
• clustering analysis
• language independence
• Markov chains