Nutrition Journal (Jul 2024)

Artificially sweetened beverage consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

  • Zhangling Chen,
  • Cheng Wei,
  • Sander Lamballais,
  • Kang Wang,
  • Yuchan Mou,
  • Yichao Xiao,
  • Fei Luo,
  • Wichor M. Bramer,
  • Trudy Voortman,
  • Shenghua Zhou

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00985-7
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 23, no. 1
pp. 1 – 13

Abstract

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Abstract Background Artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) are consumed globally, but their impact on overall health remains uncertain. We summarized published associations between ASB intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases until August 2023. Random effect meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for highest versus lowest categories of ASB consumption in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were also performed. Results Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 prospective cohort studies. During a median/mean follow-up period of 7.0 to 28.9 years, 235,609 deaths occurred among 2,196,503 participants. Intake of ASB was associated with higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with pooled RRs (95%CIs) of highest vs. lowest intake categories of 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) (I2 = 66.3%) for all-cause mortality and 1.26 (1.10, 1.44) (I2 = 52.0%) for CVD mortality. Dose-response analysis revealed a non-linear association of ASB with all-cause mortality (p non−linearity = 0.01), but a linear positive association with CVD mortality (p non−linearity = 0.54). No significant association was observed for ASB intake and cancer mortality. Moreover, a secondary meta-analysis demonstrated that replacing 1 serving/day of sugary sweetened beverages (SSB) with ASB was associated with 4–6% lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Per NutriGrade, the evidence quality for associations between ASB intake with all-cause and CVD mortality was moderate. Conclusions Higher intake of ASB was associated with higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, albeit a lower risk than for SSB. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022365701.

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