响应面优化浓香菜籽油超声辅助 酶法脱胶工艺研究Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming process of fragrant rapeseed oil by response surface methodology

Abstract

为了优化浓香菜籽油超声辅助酶法脱胶工艺，以浓香菜籽原油为原料，以磷脂含量为考察指标，通过单因素试验探究酶添加量、反应时间、反应温度、pH、水添加量以及超声功率对浓香菜籽油脱胶效果的影响。在此基础上，利用响应面法优化浓香菜籽油超声辅助酶法脱胶工艺。同时，对传统酶法脱胶与超声辅助酶法脱胶的脱胶效果进行了对比。结果表明：浓香菜籽油超声辅助酶法脱胶最优工艺条件为酶添加量45 mg/kg、反应时间3 h、反应温度55 ℃、pH 5.0、水添加量2.5%、超声功率490 W，在此条件下浓香菜籽油的磷脂含量为0.05 mg/g，脱胶率可达99.4%；超声辅助酶法脱胶效果优于传统酶法脱胶。可见，超声辅助酶法脱胶是一种较为高效的油脂脱胶方法。 In order to optimize the process of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming of fragrant rapeseed oil, with the fragrant rapeseed crude oil as the raw material and phospholipid content as index, the effects of enzyme dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, pH, water dosage and ultrasonic power on the degumming effect of fragrant rapeseed oil were investigated by single factor experiment. On this basis, the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming process of fragrant rapeseed oil was optimized by response surface methodology. At the same time, the degumming effect of the traditional enzyme method was compared with that of the ultrasound-assisted enzyme method. The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming of fragrant rapeseed oil conditions were determined as follows: enzyme dosage 45 mg/kg, reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 55 ℃, pH 5.0, water dosage 2.5% and ultrasonic power 490 W. Under such conditions, the phospholipid content in fragrant rapeseed oil was 0.05 mg/g and the degumming rate could reach 99.4%,and the degumming effect of ultrasound-assisted enzyme method was better than that of traditional enzyme method. In conclusion, the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming is a relatively efficient oil degumming method.

Keywords

• 浓香菜籽油；酶法脱胶；超声波；磷脂含量
• fragrant rapeseed oil; enzymatic degumming; ultrasound; phospholipid content