Virtual Reality as a support in psychotherapies for children with autism and/or social anxiety: a systematic review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose The growth of Virtual Reality (VR) applications for therapies has increased and diversified over time. Through VR, patients are encouraged to immerse themselves in virtual environments to interact and socialize. In this article we analyze the therapies that apply VR, as a strategy that addresses health needs, to improve the patient’s quality of life in mental disorders such as anxiety and autism spectrum. Furthermore, we compare the similarities and differences of the therapies, evaluating the efficacy of VR. Finally, we present a review of VR from a technological point of view. Methods The literature search was guided by PRISMA guidelines; study eligibility criteria: year of publication from 2014 to 2022, full-length and open access articles. Articles to improve social skills in children and adolescents with autism, as well as in addressing social anxiety in youth. Exclusion criteria: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, comorbidity, postoperative, and other disorders. Results We considered 14 eligible studies, with a low risk of bias. 78% of VR therapies were implemented immersively and 85% interactively, involving active user participation in virtual environments through voice, gaze, and body movements. VR therapies for children with ASD focus on the development of social skills, with facial expression recognition, emotion recognition, social cognitive development, and verbal and non-verbal communication. VR therapies for social anxiety are effectively treated with meditation and progressive muscle relaxation. Conclusion VR can simplify the lives of those patients who are unable to leave home, due to illness or disability, allowing them to comply with therapy sessions.

Keywords

• Virtual reality
• psychological therapies
• social anxiety disorders
• social skills
• autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD))