The World Journal of Men's Health (Oct 2024)
Global Practice Patterns in the Evaluation of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey and Expert Recommendations
- Rupin Shah,
- Amarnath Rambhatla,
- Widi Atmoko,
- Marlon Martinez,
- Imad Ziouziou,
- Priyank Kothari,
- Nicholas Tadros,
- Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc,
- Parviz Kavoussi,
- Ahmed Harraz,
- Gianmaria Salvio,
- Murat Gul,
- Taha Hamoda,
- Tuncay Toprak,
- Ponco Birowo,
- Edmund Ko,
- Mohamed Arafa,
- Ramy Abou Ghayda,
- Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan,
- Ramadan Saleh,
- Giorgio Ivan Russo,
- Germar-Michael Pinggera,
- Eric Chung,
- Missy Savira,
- Giovanni M. Colpi,
- Wael Zohdy,
- Edoardo Pescatori,
- Hyun Jun Park,
- Shinichiro Fukuhara,
- Akira Tsujimura,
- Cesar Rojas-Cruz,
- Angelo Marino,
- Siu King Mak,
- Edouard Amar,
- Wael Ibrahim,
- Puneet Sindhwani,
- Naif Alhathal,
- Gian Maria Busetto,
- Manaf Al Hashimi,
- Ahmed El-Sakka,
- Asci Ramazan,
- Fotios Dimitriadis,
- Massimiliano Timpano,
- Davor Jezek,
- Baris Altay,
- Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn,
- Michael YC Wong,
- Du Geon Moon,
- Christine Wyns,
- Safar Gamidov,
- Hamed Akhavizadegan,
- Alessandro Franceschelli,
- Kaan Aydos,
- Vinh Nguyen Quang,
- Shedeed Ashour,
- Adel Al Dayel,
- Mohamed S. Al-Marhoon,
- Sava Micic,
- Saleh Binsaleh,
- Alayman Hussein,
- Haitham Elbardisi,
- Taymour Mostafa,
- Emad Taha,
- Jonathan Ramsay,
- Athanasios Zachariou,
- Islam Fathy Soliman Abdelrahman,
- Osvaldo Rajmil,
- Arif Kalkanli,
- Juan Manuel Corral Molina,
- Kadir Bocu,
- Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa,
- Gokhan Ceker,
- Ege Can Serefoglu,
- Fahmi Bahar,
- Nazim Gherabi,
- Shinnosuke Kuroda,
- Abderrazak Bouzouita,
- Ahmet Gudeloglu,
- Erman Ceyhan,
- Mohamed Saeed Mohamed Hasan,
- Muhammad Ujudud Musa,
- Ahmad Motawi,
- Cho Chak-Lam,
- Hisanori Taniguchi,
- Christopher Chee Kong Ho,
- Jesus Fernando Solorzano Vazquez,
- Shingai Mutambirwa,
- Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor,
- Marion Bendayan,
- Carlo Giulioni,
- Aykut Baser,
- Marco Falcone,
- Luca Boeri,
- Gideon Blecher,
- Alireza Kheradmand,
- Tamilselvi Sethupathy,
- Ricky Adriansjah,
- Nima Narimani,
- Charalampos Konstantinidis,
- Tuan Thanh Nguyen,
- Andrian Japari,
- Parisa Dolati,
- Keerti Singh,
- Cevahir Ozer,
- Selcuk Sarikaya,
- Nadia Sheibak,
- Ndagijimana Jean Bosco,
- Mehmet Serkan Özkent,
- Sang Thanh Le,
- Ioannis Sokolakis,
- Darren Katz,
- Ryan Smith,
- Manh Nguyen Truong,
- Tan V. Le,
- Zhongwei Huang,
- Muslim Dogan Deger,
- Umut Arslan,
- Gokhan Calik,
- Giorgio Franco,
- Ayman Rashed,
- Oguzhan Kahraman,
- Sotiris Andreadakis,
- Rosadi Putra,
- Giancarlo Balercia,
- Kareim Khalafalla,
- Rossella Cannarella,
- Anh Đặng Tuấn,
- Amr El Meliegy,
- Birute Zilaitiene,
- Marlene Lizbeth Zamora Ramirez,
- Filippo Giacone,
- Aldo E. Calogero,
- Konstantinos Makarounis,
- Sunil Jindal,
- Bac Nguyen Hoai,
- Ravi Banthia,
- Marcelo Rodriguez Peña,
- Dharani Moorthy,
- Aram Adamyan,
- Deniz Kulaksiz,
- Hussein Kandil,
- Nikolaos Sofikitis,
- Ciro Salzano,
- Andreas Jungwirth,
- Surendra Reddy Banka,
- Tiago Cesar Mierzwa,
- Tahsin Turunç,
- Divyanu Jain,
- Armen Avoyan,
- Pietro Salacone,
- Ateş Kadıoğlu,
- Chirag Gupta,
- Haocheng Lin,
- Iman Shamohammadi,
- Nasser Mogharabian,
- Trenton Barrett,
- Yavuz Onur Danacıoğlu,
- Andrea Crafa,
- Salima Daoud,
- Vineet Malhotra,
- Abdulmalik Almardawi,
- Osama Mohamed Selim,
- Mohamad Moussa,
- Saeid Haghdani,
- Mesut Berkan Duran,
- Yannic Kunz,
- Mirko Preto,
- Elena Eugeni,
- Thang Nguyen,
- Ahmed Rashad Elshahid,
- Seso Sulijaya Suyono,
- Dyandra Parikesit,
- Essam Nada,
- Eduardo Gutiérrez Orozco,
- Florence Boitrelle,
- Nguyen Thi Minh Trang,
- Mounir Jamali,
- Raju Nair,
- Mikhail Ruzaev,
- Franco Gadda,
- Charalampos Thomas,
- Raphael Henrique Ferreira,
- Umit Gul,
- Serena Maruccia,
- Ajay Kanbur,
- Ella Kinzikeeva,
- Saad Abumelha,
- Nguyen Quang,
- Raghavender Kosgi,
- Fatih Gokalp,
- Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi,
- Gustavo Marquesine Paul,
- Hesamoddin Sajadi,
- Deepak Gupte,
- Rafael F. Ambar,
- Emrullah Sogutdelen,
- Karun Singla,
- Ari Basurkano,
- Shannon Hee Kyung Kim,
- Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani,
- Koichi Nagao,
- Sakti Ronggowardhana Brodjonegoro,
- Andri Rezano,
- Mohamed Elkhouly,
- Rossella Mazzilli,
- Hasan M. A. Farsi,
- Hung Nguyen Ba,
- Hamed Alali,
- Dimitrios Kafetzis,
- Tran Quang Tien Long,
- Sami Alsaid,
- Hoang Bao Ngoc Cuong,
- Knigavko Oleksandr,
- Akhmad Mustafa,
- Herik Acosta,
- Hrishikesh Pai,
- Bahadır Şahin,
- Eko Arianto,
- Colin Teo,
- Sanjay Prakash Jayaprakash,
- Rinaldo Indra Rachman,
- Mustafa Gurkan Yenice,
- Omar Sefrioui,
- Smit Paghdar,
- Shivam Priyadarshi,
- Marko Tanic,
- Noor Kareem Alfatlawy,
- Fikri Rizaldi,
- Ranjit B. Vishwakarma,
- George Kanakis,
- Dinesh Thomas Cherian,
- Joe Lee,
- Raisa Galstyan,
- Hakan Keskin,
- Jana Wurzacher,
- Doddy Hami Seno,
- Bambang S. Noegroho,
- Ria Margiana,
- Qaisar Javed,
- Fabrizio Castiglioni,
- Raman Tanwar,
- Ana Puigvert,
- Coşkun Kaya,
- Medianto Purnomo,
- Chadi Yazbeck,
- Azwar Amir,
- Edson Borges,
- Marina Bellavia,
- Isaac Ardianson Deswanto,
- Vinod K V,
- Giovanni Liguori,
- Dang Hoang Minh,
- Kashif Siddiqi,
- Fulvio Colombo,
- Armand Zini,
- Niket Patel,
- Selahittin Çayan,
- Ula Al-Kawaz,
- Maged Ragab,
- Guadalupe Hernández Hebrard,
- Ivan Hoffmann,
- Ozan Efesoy,
- Barış Saylam,
- Ashok Agarwal
Affiliations
- Rupin Shah
- ORCiD
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India, Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Amarnath Rambhatla
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
- Widi Atmoko
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marlon Martinez
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Imad Ziouziou
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Priyank Kothari
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nicholas Tadros
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Parviz Kavoussi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ahmed Harraz
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gianmaria Salvio
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Murat Gul
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Taha Hamoda
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tuncay Toprak
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ponco Birowo
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Edmund Ko
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohamed Arafa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ramy Abou Ghayda
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ramadan Saleh
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Giorgio Ivan Russo
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Germar-Michael Pinggera
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Eric Chung
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Missy Savira
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Giovanni M. Colpi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Wael Zohdy
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Edoardo Pescatori
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hyun Jun Park
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Shinichiro Fukuhara
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Akira Tsujimura
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Cesar Rojas-Cruz
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Angelo Marino
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Siu King Mak
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Edouard Amar
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Wael Ibrahim
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Puneet Sindhwani
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Naif Alhathal
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gian Maria Busetto
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Manaf Al Hashimi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ahmed El-Sakka
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Asci Ramazan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Fotios Dimitriadis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Massimiliano Timpano
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Davor Jezek
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Baris Altay
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Michael YC Wong
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Du Geon Moon
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Christine Wyns
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Safar Gamidov
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hamed Akhavizadegan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Alessandro Franceschelli
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Kaan Aydos
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Vinh Nguyen Quang
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Shedeed Ashour
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Adel Al Dayel
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohamed S. Al-Marhoon
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sava Micic
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Saleh Binsaleh
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Alayman Hussein
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Haitham Elbardisi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Taymour Mostafa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Emad Taha
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Jonathan Ramsay
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Athanasios Zachariou
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Islam Fathy Soliman Abdelrahman
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Osvaldo Rajmil
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Arif Kalkanli
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Juan Manuel Corral Molina
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Kadir Bocu
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gokhan Ceker
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ege Can Serefoglu
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Fahmi Bahar
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nazim Gherabi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Shinnosuke Kuroda
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Abderrazak Bouzouita
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ahmet Gudeloglu
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Erman Ceyhan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohamed Saeed Mohamed Hasan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Muhammad Ujudud Musa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ahmad Motawi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Cho Chak-Lam
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hisanori Taniguchi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Christopher Chee Kong Ho
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Jesus Fernando Solorzano Vazquez
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Shingai Mutambirwa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marion Bendayan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Carlo Giulioni
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Aykut Baser
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marco Falcone
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Luca Boeri
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gideon Blecher
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Alireza Kheradmand
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tamilselvi Sethupathy
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ricky Adriansjah
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nima Narimani
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Charalampos Konstantinidis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tuan Thanh Nguyen
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Andrian Japari
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Parisa Dolati
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Keerti Singh
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Cevahir Ozer
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Selcuk Sarikaya
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nadia Sheibak
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ndagijimana Jean Bosco
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mehmet Serkan Özkent
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sang Thanh Le
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ioannis Sokolakis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Darren Katz
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ryan Smith
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Manh Nguyen Truong
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tan V. Le
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Zhongwei Huang
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Muslim Dogan Deger
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Umut Arslan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gokhan Calik
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Giorgio Franco
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ayman Rashed
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Oguzhan Kahraman
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sotiris Andreadakis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Rosadi Putra
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Giancarlo Balercia
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Kareim Khalafalla
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Rossella Cannarella
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Anh Đặng Tuấn
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Amr El Meliegy
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Birute Zilaitiene
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marlene Lizbeth Zamora Ramirez
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Filippo Giacone
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Aldo E. Calogero
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Konstantinos Makarounis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sunil Jindal
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Bac Nguyen Hoai
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ravi Banthia
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marcelo Rodriguez Peña
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Dharani Moorthy
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Aram Adamyan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Deniz Kulaksiz
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hussein Kandil
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nikolaos Sofikitis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ciro Salzano
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Andreas Jungwirth
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Surendra Reddy Banka
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tiago Cesar Mierzwa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tahsin Turunç
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Divyanu Jain
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Armen Avoyan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Pietro Salacone
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ateş Kadıoğlu
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Chirag Gupta
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Haocheng Lin
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Iman Shamohammadi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nasser Mogharabian
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Trenton Barrett
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Yavuz Onur Danacıoğlu
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Andrea Crafa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Salima Daoud
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Vineet Malhotra
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Abdulmalik Almardawi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Osama Mohamed Selim
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohamad Moussa
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Saeid Haghdani
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mesut Berkan Duran
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Yannic Kunz
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mirko Preto
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Elena Eugeni
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Thang Nguyen
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ahmed Rashad Elshahid
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Seso Sulijaya Suyono
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Dyandra Parikesit
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Essam Nada
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Eduardo Gutiérrez Orozco
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Florence Boitrelle
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nguyen Thi Minh Trang
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mounir Jamali
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Raju Nair
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mikhail Ruzaev
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Franco Gadda
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Charalampos Thomas
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Raphael Henrique Ferreira
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Umit Gul
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Serena Maruccia
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ajay Kanbur
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ella Kinzikeeva
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Saad Abumelha
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Nguyen Quang
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Raghavender Kosgi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Fatih Gokalp
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Gustavo Marquesine Paul
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hesamoddin Sajadi
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Deepak Gupte
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Rafael F. Ambar
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Emrullah Sogutdelen
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Karun Singla
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ari Basurkano
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Shannon Hee Kyung Kim
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Koichi Nagao
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sakti Ronggowardhana Brodjonegoro
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Andri Rezano
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mohamed Elkhouly
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Rossella Mazzilli
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hasan M. A. Farsi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hung Nguyen Ba
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hamed Alali
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Dimitrios Kafetzis
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Tran Quang Tien Long
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sami Alsaid
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hoang Bao Ngoc Cuong
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Knigavko Oleksandr
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Akhmad Mustafa
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Herik Acosta
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hrishikesh Pai
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Bahadır Şahin
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Eko Arianto
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Colin Teo
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sanjay Prakash Jayaprakash
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Rinaldo Indra Rachman
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Mustafa Gurkan Yenice
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Omar Sefrioui
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Smit Paghdar
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Shivam Priyadarshi
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marko Tanic
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Noor Kareem Alfatlawy
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Fikri Rizaldi
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- Ranjit B. Vishwakarma
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- George Kanakis
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- Dinesh Thomas Cherian
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Joe Lee
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Raisa Galstyan
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Hakan Keskin
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- Jana Wurzacher
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Doddy Hami Seno
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- Bambang S. Noegroho
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ria Margiana
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Qaisar Javed
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Fabrizio Castiglioni
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Raman Tanwar
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- Ana Puigvert
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- Coşkun Kaya
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Chadi Yazbeck
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Azwar Amir
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Edson Borges
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Marina Bellavia
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Isaac Ardianson Deswanto
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Vinod K V
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Giovanni Liguori
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Dang Hoang Minh
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Kashif Siddiqi
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Fulvio Colombo
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Armand Zini
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Niket Patel
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Selahittin Çayan
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ula Al-Kawaz
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Maged Ragab
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Guadalupe Hernández Hebrard
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ivan Hoffmann
- ORCiD
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ozan Efesoy
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Barış Saylam
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Ashok Agarwal
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- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230333
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 42,
no. 4
pp. 727 – 748
Abstract
Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the persistent absence of sperm in ejaculate without obstruction, stemming from diverse disease processes. This survey explores global practices in NOA diagnosis, comparing them with guidelines and offering expert recommendations. Materials and Methods:Materials and Methods: A 56-item questionnaire survey on NOA diagnosis and management was conducted globally from July to September 2022. This paper focuses on part 1, evaluating NOA diagnosis. Data from 367 participants across 49 coun-tries were analyzed descriptively, with a Delphi process used for expert recommendations. Results:Results: Of 336 eligible responses, most participants were experienced attending physicians (70.93%). To diagnose azoosper-mia definitively, 81.7% requested two semen samples. Commonly ordered hormone tests included serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (97.0%), total testosterone (92.9%), and luteinizing hormone (86.9%). Genetic testing was requested by 66.6%, with karyotype analysis (86.2%) and Y chromosome microdeletions (88.3%) prevalent. Diagnostic testicular biopsy, distinguishing obstructive azoospermia (OA) from NOA, was not performed by 45.1%, while 34.6% did it selectively. Differ-entiation relied on physical examination (76.1%), serum hormone profiles (69.6%), and semen tests (68.1%). Expectations of finding sperm surgically were higher in men with normal FSH, larger testes, and a history of sperm in ejaculate. Conclusions:Conclusions: This expert survey, encompassing 367 participants from 49 countries, unveils congruence with recommended guidelines in NOA diagnosis. However, noteworthy disparities in practices suggest a need for evidence-based, international consensus guidelines to standardize NOA evaluation, addressing existing gaps in professional recommendations.
Keywords