Ameliorating effects of gingko, Ginkgo biloba extract on waterborne toxicity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in the Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Growth, histology, oxidative stress, immunity, antioxidant defense and liver function

Abstract

The potentials of gingko, Ginkgo biloba extract in ameliorating the toxicity of titanium nano-oxide (NanoTiO2) (30% of the LC50 or 1.65 mg/l) were evaluated in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (n = 540; mean weight: 22.5 ± 2.1 g) were distributed into 18 tanks (n = 30/tank). The test treatments were: negative control (NC): non-supplemented and non-exposed fish, positive control (PC): non-supplemented fish exposed to 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G1 + Ti: 0.5 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G2 + Ti: 1 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G3 + Ti: 2 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G4 + Ti: 4 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2. The experiment was done during 60 days. The nano-TiO2 treatments showed lower growth performance (P 0.05). The liver metabolic enzymes mainly increased in serum, following Nano-TiO2 exposure in PC and treatments, 0.5–1 g GIB/ Kg (P < 0.05). Nano-TiO2 caused liver and intestine lesions mostly in PC and fish of 0.5 g GIB/kg. In conclusion, our results indicated that GIB at levels of 1–2 g GIB/kg can ameliorate nano-TiO2 –induced oxidative atress and its adverse effects on immunity and liver function in the fish.

Keywords

• Ginkgo biloba
• Nanoparticle
• Fish
• Antioxidant