Leishmaniosis of Carnivores of the South of Russia and Tuscany Region (Italy). Some Peculiarities of Screening and Preventive Measures

Abstract

The purpose of the research is studying leishmaniosis peculiarities of carnivores in Russia and Italy.Materials and methods. 2000 samples of sera were studied with antigen from Leishmania (Roma) at the IFAT, Italy, 174 samples in crystallographic tests, 76 samples from the dogs from Italy, 52 samples from different preying animals and 46 samples from the dogs were studied in ELISA with an antigen from Toxocara sp. and Trichinella sp. (VNIIP).Results and discussion. Leishmaniosis was registered in the RF in Dagestan, Crimea and etc. Currently leishmaniosis of dogs is widely spread in the peninsular and insular Italy. Sporadic eruptions occur to the east from the Apennines, in central Italy and in some regions of the North Piedmont and Aosta Valley, and in the provinces Verona, Brescia and Rimini. Many occasions were registered in Tuscany. A leishmaniosis control is mainly based on identification and treatment of infected dogs in combination with a transmitter control and a control over animal bowls. Over 30% of samples were positive in Italy and 0.7% of samples were positive in the south of Russia. Over 80% of sera that reacted with leishmaniosis antigen (1/160 and more) reacted in enzyme immunoassay EIA with Toxocara sp. and Trichinella sp. antigens. The obtained data on sporadic occasions in the south of Russia evidence the need for epidemiologic, epizootological and entomological investigations in specified areas and for the development of an epidemiologic surveillance system for leishmaniosis covering all the complex of antiepidemic measures.

Keywords

• leishmaniosis
• dogs
• epidemiology
• epizootology