Observations of heavy rainfall and extreme flood events over Banke-Bardiya districts of Nepal in 2016–2017

Abstract

Flooding events are common at the lower region (Terai) of Nepal in the summer monsoon months (June–August). However, large destruction and heavy floods were observed at Banke-Bardiya districts (western Terai) of Nepal on June 16, 2016 and August 13, 2017. So, this study was carried out to find the causes of these extreme events and probable solution for flood forecasting. We focused on satellite images of these extreme events of those days, and also conducted field observations to measure discharge data and associated impacts of flooding. Satellite-based real- time images were downloaded from various sources, such as NASA and Digital Globe Archive wave systems. NASA cloud images clearly detect the system of cloudburst, cyclone, and smaller tornadoes within a short span of time which caused severe flooding. Uncertainty of weather observations, lack of modern forecasting tool like a Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS), and trained manpower for the forecasting of extreme events are the existing scenario in the field of hydro-meteorology in Nepal.

Keywords

• Extreme rainfall
• Flood-damages
• Sikta canal
• Cloud burst
• Nepal