Referéndum y deliberación

Abstract

One of criticisms usually made against the referendum as a way for citizens to take part in public decision-making processes refers to its deliberative disadvantages. The referendum would be simply an instrument to gather opinions, with no interest in reflection or dialogue processes. This paper thoroughly analyses the key elements to achieve a reasonable level of deliberation in the previous campaign, such as the clarity of the question, the information provided to the voter or the distribution of public resources among the contestants. Considering national and international experiences, the author supports the idea according to which an appropriate regulation of these key elements would allow us to overcome many of the shortcomings faced by the institution. Ultimately, this paper shows the futility of general criticisms against the referendum while considers that it would be more useful to pay attention to the design of the institution made in each system.

Keywords

• deliberation
• deliberative democracy
• direct democracy
• political participation
• principle of clarity
• referendum