Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Poststroke Epilepsy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Background Poststroke epilepsy (PSE) is a common complication after ischemic stroke. This study investigates the association between the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and the risk of PSE in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods and Results A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2015. Patients with hypertension with a history of ischemic stroke were classified into prevalent, new, and nonusers according to their use of ACEIs/ARBs. Prevalent ACEI/ARB users were further classified into continuing or discontinued users, based on their poststroke medication adherence. We used multivariate Cox regression models, adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, to assess the risk of PSE among different ACEI/ARB user groups. There were 182 983 ACEI/ARB users and 38 365 nonusers included. There were 7387 patients diagnosed with PSE, whereas 213 961 were not. Nonusers exhibited a higher risk of PSE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.72 [95% CI, 1.63–1.82]). Both prevalent and nonusers had higher risks compared with new ACEI/ARB users, with respective aHRs of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.25–1.41) and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.87–2.14). Discontinued ACEI/ARB users showed the highest risk of PSE (aHR, 2.34 [95% CI, 2.15–2.54]), suggesting the importance of continuing ACEI/ARB use after stroke. Treatment‐by‐age interaction was significant among patients with or without ACEI/ARB use before stroke (P value for interaction 0.004 and <0.001, respectively), suggesting a stronger beneficial association in younger patients. Conclusions The use of ACEIs/ARBs after ischemic stroke in patients with hypertension is associated with a reduced risk of PSE, especially among younger patients.

Keywords

• angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor
• angiotensin receptor blocker
• ischemic stroke
• poststroke epilepsy