The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2024)
Searching for GEMS: Characterizing Six Giant Planets Around Cool Dwarfs
- Shubham Kanodia,
- Arvind F. Gupta,
- Caleb I. Cañas,
- Lia Marta Bernabò,
- Varghese Reji,
- Te Han,
- Madison Brady,
- Andreas Seifahrt,
- William D. Cochran,
- Nidia Morrell,
- Ritvik Basant,
- Jacob Bean,
- Chad F. Bender,
- Zoë L. de Beurs,
- Allyson Bieryla,
- Alexina Birkholz,
- Nina Brown,
- Franklin Chapman,
- David R. Ciardi,
- Catherine A. Clark,
- Ethan G. Cotter,
- Scott A. Diddams,
- Samuel Halverson,
- Suzanne Hawley,
- Leslie Hebb,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Steve B. Howell,
- Henry A. Kobulnicky,
- Adam F. Kowalski,
- Alexander Larsen,
- Jessica Libby-Roberts,
- Andrea S. J. Lin,
- Michael B. Lund,
- Rafael Luque,
- Andrew Monson,
- Joe P. Ninan,
- Brock A. Parker,
- Nishka Patel,
- Michael Rodruck,
- Gabrielle Ross,
- Arpita Roy,
- Christian Schwab,
- Guđmundur Stefánsson,
- Aubrie Thoms,
- Andrew Vanderburg
Affiliations
- Shubham Kanodia
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA ; [email protected]
- Arvind F. Gupta
- ORCiD
- U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Caleb I. Cañas
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Lia Marta Bernabò
- ORCiD
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Varghese Reji
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
- Te Han
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Madison Brady
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Andreas Seifahrt
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- William D. Cochran
- ORCiD
- McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA; Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Nidia Morrell
- ORCiD
- Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories , Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
- Ritvik Basant
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Jacob Bean
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Chad F. Bender
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Zoë L. de Beurs
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Allyson Bieryla
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Alexina Birkholz
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- Nina Brown
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Franklin Chapman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- David R. Ciardi
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute-Caltech/IPAC , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Catherine A. Clark
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Ethan G. Cotter
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- Scott A. Diddams
- ORCiD
- Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado , 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado , 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Samuel Halverson
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Suzanne Hawley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Leslie Hebb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges , 300 Pulteney Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Steve B. Howell
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Henry A. Kobulnicky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- Adam F. Kowalski
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; National Solar Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Alexander Larsen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- Jessica Libby-Roberts
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Andrea S. J. Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Michael B. Lund
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute-Caltech/IPAC , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Rafael Luque
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Andrew Monson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Joe P. Ninan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
- Brock A. Parker
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Nishka Patel
- Maggie L. Walker Governor’s School , Richmond, VA 23220, USA
- Michael Rodruck
- Department of Physics, Engineering, and Astrophysics, Randolph-Macon College , Ashland, VA 23005, USA
- Gabrielle Ross
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Arpita Roy
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics & Space Institute , Schmidt Sciences, New York, NY 10011, USA
- Christian Schwab
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Guđmundur Stefánsson
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aubrie Thoms
- Department of Physics, Engineering, and Astrophysics, Randolph-Macon College , Ashland, VA 23005, USA
- Andrew Vanderburg
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad7796
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 168,
no. 6
p. 235
Abstract
Transiting giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars (GEMS) are rare, owing to the low-mass host stars. However, the all-sky coverage of TESS has enabled the detection of an increasingly large number of them to enable statistical surveys like the Searching for GEMS survey. As part of this endeavor, we describe the observations of six transiting giant planets, which include precise mass measurements for two GEMS (K2-419Ab, TOI-6034b) and statistical validation for four systems, which includes validation and mass upper limits for three of them (TOI-5218b, TOI-5616b, TOI-5634Ab), while the fourth one—TOI-5414b is classified as a “likely planet.” Our observations include radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder on the Hobby–Eberly Telescope, and MAROON-X on Gemini-North, along with photometry and high-contrast imaging from multiple ground-based facilities. In addition to TESS photometry, K2-419Ab was also observed and statistically validated as part of the K2 mission in Campaigns 5 and 18, which provide precise orbital and planetary constraints despite the faint host star and long orbital period of ∼20.4 days. With an equilibrium temperature of only 380 K, K2-419Ab is one of the coolest known well-characterized transiting planets. TOI-6034 has a late F-type companion about 40″ away, making it the first GEMS host star to have an earlier main-sequence binary companion. These confirmations add to the existing small sample of confirmed transiting GEMS.
Keywords
