Concrete Actions for Improving Indoor Air Quality in Korea: Advancing Public Health for Vulnerable Populations

Abstract

In modern society, individuals spend an increasing amount of time indoors, emphasizing the importance of understanding the health impacts of indoor environments. This study focused on measuring indoor air quality to identify vulnerable populations and observe the effects of residential environment improvements on air quality. Targeting low-income families and elderly households, known for their heightened vulnerability to environmental health risks, the study involved direct visits to 2328 low-income households across 16 cities and provinces in South Korea from 2021 to 2022. Indoor air quality parameters, including PM2.5, PM10, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and airborne mold, were measured. Among these households, 300 with critically compromised living conditions received support for wallpaper and paneling replacement. Comparative measurements before and after the renovations revealed that single-person households had higher levels of PM2.5 and TVOC compared with households with four or more members. Additionally, households with elevated concentrations of airborne mold also exhibited higher levels of PM2.5 and PM10. Importantly, households that received environmental improvements showed a significant reduction in airborne mold concentration by approximately 50% or more. This study underscores the importance of indoor environmental health and provides valuable evidence supporting policies focused on health promotion and residential welfare improvements for vulnerable populations. The research is distinguished by its comprehensive nature, involving direct measurements from nearly 2000 households nationwide, rather than relying solely on secondary data.

Keywords

• indoor air quality (IAQ)
• vulnerable population
• health risks
• environmental health projects