محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی (Jul 2020)
The Role of National and International Ngos in the Prevention of Environmental Crimes
Abstract
The right to enjoy health is one of the basic rights of every person. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 and the Iranian Constitution in Article 3 (paragraphs 12), 29 and 43 emphasize the right to health and enjoyment of health. Article 2 of the Charter of Citizenship Rights approved by the President in 2016 has also declared the right to health as one of the rights of every Iranian. Today, the environment and health are closely related. Therefore, along with other values that have been predicted, the right to health and having a healthy environment is one of the basic values for human beings, so that human beings will not be able to continue their normal life without having a safe and healthy environment. The importance of preventing environmental crimes is due to the fact that it is directly related to human health, most countries put special penal regulations to actions in this regard. Therefore, this is a special issue to study in shaping the legislative criminal policy on protection environment. It can be studied and studied from the environment. The aim of the researchers in this research is to study the role of national and international actors in reducing environmental crimes. The present study seeks to explain the role of NGO's in the field of prevention, disclosure and prosecution of environmental crimes in order to clarify its importance for legislative, executive and judicial authorities. Reducing environmental crimes is important both in terms of the right to health and in terms of criminology and the need to reduce crime fields. Governments have two important tools to reduce environmental crimes: 1- establish appropriate criminal regulations with the aim of deterring and intimidating potential offenders, 2- strengthening Non-Governmental Organizations and, as a result, public education, culture-building, intervention of these organizations in the prosecution and detection of crime and creating sensitivity to such crimes. For this purpose, it is necessary for the legislator to grant more prominent role to NGOs about indictment and interference in the process of criminal and legal proceedings. This view is derived from the theory of green criminology or environmental criminology. In the present study, in addition to examining the aforementioned issues, we seek to study the role of non-governmental organizations in Iran in combating environmental crimes from the perspective of detecting and prosecuting crime and creating public sensitivity to such crimes.
Keywords
