Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (May 2009)
Inibidor da ECA e concentrações do peptídeo natriurético do tipo B, em idosos com insuficiência cardíaca Inhibidor de la enzima conversora de la angiotensina y concentraciones del péptido natriurético de tipo B, en personas adultas mayores con insuficiencia cardiaca ACE inhibitors and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in elderly patients with heart failure
Abstract
FUNDAMENTO: Ensaios clínicos demonstraram os benefícios dos inibidores da ECA (IECA) na atividade neuro-hormonal e na capacidade funcional de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC), com a magnitude desses efeitos sendo proporcional à dose desses agentes. Entretanto, a sistemática exclusão dos idosos, observada na maioria desses estudos, tem questionado a validação e incorporação de tais resultados na população geriátrica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de quinapril, um IECA com meia vida biológica >24 horas, nas concentrações plasmáticas do PNB, nas distâncias percorridas no teste da caminhada de 6 minutos (TC-6 min) e na incidência de reações adversas, em idosos com IC sistólica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes (76,1 ± 5,3 anos; 15 mulheres), IC II-III (NYHA), FE ventricular esquerda FUNDAMENTO: Ensayos clínicos revelaron los beneficios de los inhibidores de la enzima conversora de la angiotensina (IECA) en la actividad neurohormonal y en la capacidad funcional de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). La magnitud de esos efectos fue proporcional a la dosificación de esos agentes. Sin embargo, la sistemática exclusión de las personas adultas mayores, observada en la mayoría de esos estudios, ha conllevado al cuestionamiento de la validación e incorporación de dichos resultados en la población geriátrica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos de diferentes dosis de quinapril, un IECA con vida media biológica >24 horas, en las concentraciones plasmáticas del péptido natriurético de tipo B (PNB), en las distancias recorridas en el test de marcha de 6 minutos (TM6m) y en la incidencia de reacciones adversas, en personas adultas mayores con IC sistólica. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron a 30 pacientes (76,1 ± 5,3 años; 15 mujeres), IC II-III (NYHA), fracción de eyección (FE) ventricular izquierda BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) in the neurohormonal activity and in the functional capacity of patients with heart failure (HF), and also that these effects are dose dependent. However, since elderly individuals have been systematically excluded from the majority of these studies, the validation and incorporation of these results in the geriatric population has been questioned. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different doses of quinapril, an ACEI with a > 24-hour biological half-life, on plasma BNP levels, on the distance walked in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and on the incidence of adverse reactions in elderly individuals with systolic HF. METHODS: A total of 30 patients (76.1 ± 5.3 years; 15 women), in NYHA functional class II-III HF, with left ventricular EF < 40% (33.5 ± 4.5%), on diuretics (30), digoxin (24) and nitrates (13) were included. The patients were assessed at baseline and every two months, with escalating doses of quinapril of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg. RESULTS: After eight months, BNP levels were 67.4% lower and the distance walked in the 6MWT was 64.9% longer in relation to baseline. Arterial hypotension with symptoms of low cerebral blood flow and/or renal dysfunction was not observed, so that the maximum quinapril dose could be used in all patients. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the benefits of ACEI on the neurohormonal profile and functional capacity of elderly individuals with systolic HF, as well as the positive relationship between dose and effect of these drugs.
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