Soil fertility in agriculture: Main tasks

Abstract

Today, the problem of soil degradation is developing in the Fergana region of Uzbekistan. Improving the quality and productivity of the soil is an urgent task for specialists in the field. In the article, the necessary information for increasing soil fertility and working with the soil of farmers and peasant farms operating in the region was provided. Experimental studies - experiments were conducted in field conditions. They consisted of 8 options and were implemented according to the 4 return system. Various aspects of soil fertility related to the amount of soil and humus in it were considered. Soil is fertile only when there is enough humus, soils with low humus are biologically dead and have low fertility. In our conditions, scientific studies have shown that the amount of humus in the soil is at least 1.5-2%. Analyzes were conducted to determine the mechanical composition of the soils of the experimental area. It was found that there is 27.6 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen in the arable layer (0-30 cm) and 23.4 mg/kg in the bottom (30-50 cm). The lower soil layers of 70-150 cm are poorly supplied with humus and nutrients. Depending on the state of reclamation, the amount of soluble salts in the water is moderately sulfate-saline, the content is 0.46-0.78%, and the level of underground water is 1.6-2.0 meters. Experiments on replenishment of nutrients from crops in cultivated fields, mainly due to organic fertilizers, at least 10-15 tons of organic fertilizers per year in the amount of 50-70%, soilless waste, composts, phosphorus and potash fertilizers showed the need to use gites. Strict observance of regional ploughing and fertilization according to agrochemical cartograms depending on the type of soil crops. However, as a result of non-compliance with crop rotation, unscientific use of organic mineral fertilizers and resource-saving technologies, the amount of humus on irrigated lands decreased by 50%. To improve soil productivity, the article gives recommendations for improving soil quality.