Transverse momentum resolved angular streaking after tunneling ionization

Abstract

The initial momentum along laser propagation plays a significant role in the electron dynamics during tunneling ionization. Our study shows that the offset emission angle decreases with increasing lateral momentum. By using three-dimensional strong-field approximation calculations with initial transverse momentum and a Coulomb correction, we accurately reproduce the transverse momentum-dependent angular shifts of Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms. We find that these shifts are attributed to the influence of initial momentum, tunneling exits, and a long-range Coulomb potential during electron propagation. Additionally, we establish a formula to reconstruct the initial transverse momentum from the final transverse momentum. The result may provide another perspective on attosecond angular streaking, which is crucial for understanding the influence of the Coulomb potential on electron motion.