Modificaciones hematológicas inducidas por eritropoyetina frente a hipoxia normobárica intermitente Hematologic changes induced by erythropoietin versus intermittent normobaric hypoxia

Abstract

<p align="justify">Publicaciones recientes reflejan la preocupaci&oacute;n de las autoridades antidopaje por el uso de sistemas simuladores de altitud y la posibilidad de considerarlos m&eacute;todos dopantes. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue el de comparar las modificaciones hematol&oacute;gicas inducidas por dos tratamientos con eritropoyetina recombinante humana (rHuEpo) a diferentes dosis, frente a un protocolo de hipoxia normob&aacute;rica intermitente (HNI) en un modelo animal. <br />Veinticuatro ratas Wistar macho j&oacute;venes fueron divididas en 3 grupos experimentales: grupo sometido a HNI (12h pO2 12% /12h pO2 21%) (n=8); grupo tratado con una dosis de 300 UI de rHuEpo (n=8) y grupo tratado con 500 UI de rHuEpo (n=8). Se extrajeron dos muestras de sangre a cada uno de los grupos experimentales (antes y despu&eacute;s de los tratamientos). Nuestros resultados muestran incrementos muy similares, y estad&iacute;sticamente significativos, en los valores de hemoglobina, de hematocrito y de reticulocitos, tanto en el grupo HNI como en el grupo tratado con 300 UI de rHuEpo tras los 15 d&iacute;as de tratamiento. El tratamiento con 500 UI de rHuEpo produjo un incremento significativamente mayor. <br />La principal conclusi&oacute;n de nuestro estudio es que las modificaciones de los par&aacute;metros hematol&oacute;gicos obtenidas mediante un protocolo de HNI son similares a las obtenidas con un tratamiento con 300 UI de rHuEpo.<br />Palabras clave: Hemoglobina, hematocrito, reticulocitos, dopaje</p>Recent publications reflect the anti-doping authorities&rsquo; concern about the use of altitude simulator systems, since these technologies could be considered as doping methods. The major aim of our study was to compare the effect of two different rHuEpo treatments with a normobaric intermittent hypoxic (NIH) protocol regarding the modifications of hemoglobin, hematocrit and reticulocytes values in an animal model. Although these hematological parameters are of secondary nature, some international sport federations currently exclude athletes, who show aberrant values of these parameters, from competition.<br />Twenty-four young male Wistar rats (3 months and ~300g weight) were randomly divided in 3 experimental groups: normobaric intermittent hypoxic group&nbsp; (12h pO2 12% /12h pO2 21%) (n=8); the group treated with 300 UI of rHuEpo (n=8) and the group treated with 500 UI of rHuEpo (n=8).The rHuEpo was administered subcutaneously 3 times/week. All the treatments lasted 15 days. Two blood samples were obtained in every experimental group. The first one before the treatments and the second one 15 days after the treatments. <br />Our results show similar and statistically significant increments in the hemoglobin, hematocrit and reticulocytes values after 15 days of treatment with 300 UI of rHuEpo or NIH. The treatment with 500 UI of rHuEpo induced a higher increase in the hematological parameters determined in our study when compared with the other treatments (NIH and rHuEpo 300 UI). <br />The main conclusion of our study is that the hematological modifications achieved with a NIH protocol were comparable with those that imply a treatment with 300 UI of rHuEpo.<br />Key Words: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocytes, doping