O Mundo da Saúde (Jan 2020)
Risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in users of two Basic Health Units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
Introduction: The main risk factor for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (CNCDs) is lifestyle, which is open to prevention and health promotion interventions. Objective: to describe the risk factors associated with CNCD among individuals seen at two Basic Health Units (BHUs) in the city of São Paulo. Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in two BHUs in the northern and southeastern regions of São Paulo, involving 582 adult individuals. Data collection was done using the Vigitel instrument. In the inferential analyses, a logistic regression model was used. Results: Most participants were female, aged between 31 and 60 years; a quarter practiced physical activities, and most were overweight/obese. Less than a third were smokers or drinkers. The CNCDs observed were arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). By the logistic regression analysis, the risk of presenting CNCDs was higher in patients over 60 years old (OR 11.3; 95% CI 5.6-15.5), male (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.2), with an elementary education (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9), obese (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.6) and smokers or with history of smoking. As for smoking, both consumption time (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4-3.0 if more than 10 years) and number of cigarettes consumed (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.9 if more than 10 cigarettes/day) were significant. Conclusion: The most prevalent CNCDs were arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and COPD. The main risk factors were male gender, age over 60 years, obesity and tobacco consumption.
