Assessment of Toxic and Immunoadjuvant Properties of Nanocomposites

Abstract

Introduction. The current direction in medicine is the creation of immunobiological preparations to increase the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis, containing immunomodulators in their composition. These natural or synthetic substances can have a regulating effect on the immune system. At present, water-soluble organic-inorganic polymeric materials with nanoparticles of various chemical substances with bactericidal and immunomodulating properties can serve as such promising compounds.The aimof the work is to study the acute toxicity of polymer nanocomposites based on 1-vinil-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone with silver, gold and selenium nanoparticles and their effect on the functional state of immune system cells in vitro.Materials and methods.The study of acute toxicity was performed on outbred white mice. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. The study of spontaneous and nanocomposite-induced production of pro- (interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-4) cytokines by blood cells was carried out using clinical material obtained from volunteers using the ELISA method. Results. It has been established that nanocomposites with silver and gold nanoparticles do not cause the death of white mice, their temperature increase and body weight decrease. The average lethal dose for a nanocomposite with selenium nanoparticles was determined as 1 gram per 1 kilogram of animal mass. It was shown that the tested nanocomposites have a stimulating effect on the production of cytokines by human blood cells in vitro. It was established that a nanocomposite with selenium nanoparticles increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. A comparative analysis of their actions with the actions of commercial preparations of biological origin, with immunomodulatory properties.Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to substantiate the need for further research on the effects of nanocomposites based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone with silver, gold and selenium nanoparticles on the macroorganism in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Keywords

• nanocomposite
• nanoparticle
• acute toxicity
• macrophage
• glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
• superoxide dismutase
• blood cell
• cytokine