A prospective case-control study on the association of intrauterine devices and cervical cancer risk; data from two educational centers

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women all over the world. Objectives: This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of intrauterine devices (IUDs) on cervical cancer and precancerous lesions development. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in two different hospitals in Isfahan on 200 samples, since 100 of them had results indicating cervical cancer, and the rest had no abnormal lesions. For both groups, a questionnaire was filled out for IUD users and some related risk factors such as age, parity, abortions, smoking, previous Pap smear results contained sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) infections and the contraception method. Results: In this study, more cases of IUD use were recorded in the control group. We found that the use of natural methods did not prevent the development of precancerous lesions. In the results of the Pap smear, a large number were recorded as having a history of human papillomavirus (HPV). Additionally, a high percentage of cervical cancer patients’ smoking or passive smoking. We also recorded that 53% had more than two children, while the percentages of women at the birth of their first child and who did not have an abortion were almost equal in the two groups. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that IUD use is a contraceptive method with the capability of lowering the risk of cervical cancer progression. There is also an association between HPV infection, smoking, age, the number of parity and the usage of natural birth control methods with the development of cancerous lesion development.

Keywords

• cervical cancer
• human papillomavirus
• intrauterine devices