Biological features and economically valuable characteristics of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to create winter-hardy, large-fruited, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods and their growing technology (use of a biological product) in the South Urals. The research was carried out on the basis of Orenburg a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery" from 1999 to 2020. Research objects were summer apple varieties – Orenburgskoe, Orenburgskoe krasnoe, Letnee polosatoe (K); winter – Orenburgskoe pozdnee, Zimnee, YUzhnoural'skoe (K). The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the studies, the data obtained showed that the property of short stature as a genetic trait of resistance is transmitted to the offspring during hybridization. The varieties Orenburgskoe pozdnee, Zimnee and YUzhnoural’skoe showed the greatest increase in productivity embodiment experience “Evrikor − Forte + 7” 2.5 l / ha by 25.4%, 24.3% and 22.2% respectively. Thus, the application of "Evrikor − Forte + 7" increased both the number of fruits and their weight, and also increased the yield of the studied varieties.