Numerical simulation of turbulent flow between shrouded contra-rotating disks

Abstract

The turbulent flow between shrouded contra-rotating disks was numerically studied with a two-layer turbulence model and a modified Launder–Sharma low-Reynolds number k - ε model. The dissipation rate decrease caused by solid body rotation was considered in the second model. The comparisons of the effectiveness between these two turbulence models for capturing the critical radius of flow structure transition and reproducing the flow velocity measurements data were presented. For the flow between shrouded disks rotating at the same speed but in opposite senses, that is, the angular velocity ratio of the two disks equals to −1, the Stewartson-type flow structure is found in the cavity. For the flow with one disk rotating more slowly than the other, Stewartson-type flow coexists with Batchelor-type flow, that is, Batchelor-type flow occurs radially outward of the stagnation point where two opposing boundary layer flows meet, and Stewartson-type flow occurs radially inward. The stagnation points near the slower disk move radially outward as the angular velocity ratio decreases toward −1. Theory of rotating fluids with the presence of centrifugal and Coriolis forces stemming from the disk rotation is employed to manifest the flow structure transition mechanisms as the rotation ratio of the disks is varied. The source of the earlier transition to turbulent flow in counter-rotating disk cavity compared with rotor-stator disk cavity is also explained through the research of instability of the flowing free shear layer formed by the counter secondary circulations. With the aid of the numerical results obtained from the two turbulence models, it is found that a more turbulent flow in the core can destroy the Batchelor-type flow and creates a larger Stewartson-type flow region.