Diagnostics (Oct 2024)

Fatty Acid β-Oxidation May Be Associated with the Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Stable Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis

  • Shuhei Kidoguchi,
  • Kunio Torii,
  • Toshiharu Okada,
  • Tomoko Yamano,
  • Nanami Iwamura,
  • Kyoko Miyagi,
  • Tadashi Toyama,
  • Masayuki Iwano,
  • Ryoichi Miyazaki,
  • Yosuke Shigematsu,
  • Hideki Kimura

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202295
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 20
p. 2295

Abstract

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Background/Objectives: Lipid metabolism and adiponectin modulate erythropoiesis in vitro and in general population studies and may also affect responsiveness to erythropoietin in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). However, little is known about the impact of lipid-associated biomarkers on reticulocyte production and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) in patients undergoing HD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate their impacts in 167 stable patients undergoing HD. Methods: Pre-dialysis blood samples were collected and analysed for reticulocyte counts and serum lipid profiles by routine analyses and serum carnitine profiles (C0–C18) by LC-MS/MS. ERI was calculated as erythropoietin dose/kg/week normalized for haemoglobin levels. Results: The independent positive determinants of reticulocyte count were log [Triglyceride (TG)] and logC18:1. A large proportion of longer-chain acylcarnitines was positively correlated with reticulocyte counts, possibly resulting from the accumulation of acylcarnitines in mitochondria undergoing fateful exocytosis from reticulocytes. These results indicate a possible association between reticulocyte formation and reduced β-oxidation, which occurs during the peripheral phase of erythroblast enucleation. Total cholesterol (TC) and log [C2/(C16 + C18:1)] as a putative marker of β-oxidation efficiency were negative independent determinants of ERI. Moreover, acyl chain length had a significantly positive impact on the correlation coefficients of individual acylcarnitines with ERI, suggesting that enhanced β-oxidation may be associated with reduced ERI. Finally, adiponectin had no independent association with reticulocyte counts or ERI despite its negative association with HDL-C levels. Conclusions: Enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and higher TC levels may be associated with lower ERI, whereas higher TG levels and longer acylcarnitines may be related to the latest production of reticulocytes in stable patients undergoing HD.

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