Development and Investigation of a Synthetic Inertia Algorithm

Abstract

In this article, we present a synthetic inertia (SI) algorithm that allows for the simulation of the inertia response of a traditional generator to an electrical power system. To obtain the algorithm, detailed dynamic calculations were performed using a large real-system dynamic model in Siemens PSS/E modeling packages (PSS/E). Output error (OE), autoregressive moving average model with exogenous inputs (ARMAX), and Box–Jenkins (BJ) models of parametric identification were used to obtain the SI algorithm. The dynamic calculation results such as active power output, frequency variation in the presence of the active power deficit, surplus, and short circuit in the power system were used to compare the algorithm accuracy with comparable generator results. For this purpose, the power system stabilizer (PSS) and the turbine governor were not evaluated to obtain the most accurate possible active power change due to the characteristics of the generator. The errors were evaluated by using the models to determine the error estimates for the correlation coefficient (Ryŷ), root mean square deviation (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the obtained results, we established that the OE mathematical model should be used, as it is more efficient compared to the ARMAX and BJ models.

Keywords

• rate of change of frequency (RoCoF)
• synthetic inertia (SI)
• virtual synchronous generator
• renewable energy source (RES)
• inertia
• frequency stability