Changement climatique et biosphère

Abstract

Climate change has become the third cause of biodiversity loss behind the exploitation of natural environments by humans and direct exploitation (food, health, raw materials). It could become the primary cause of biodiversity loss by the next century. Climate change has modified the biological rhythms and distributions of species, the functioning of ecosystems, trophic chains, biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystem services. The projections that we are able to provide of the future evolution of the biosphere show an amplification of the phenomena observed the last fifty years. Species have very limited ways to adapt given the speed at which climate change occurs. This is why, beyond reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it is also necessary to reduce the other anthropogenic pressures on the biosphere.

Keywords

• Biodiversité
• Aire de répartition
• Evénements extrêmes
• Extinctions
• Rythmes biologiques
• Fonctionnement des écosystèmes