Association of anthropometric indices of obesity with hypertension among public employees in northern Ethiopia: findings from a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Objectives The burden of hypertension is increasing in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Obesity is widely known to be associated with hypertension, but different anthropometric indices of obesity might differ in association with hypertension, which is largely unknown in northern Ethiopia.Design Data from our previous cross-sectional epidemiological survey were statistically analysed.Setting Public employees in the regional capital city in northern Ethiopia.Participants The data of 1380 participants (823 men and 557 non-pregnant women) aged 25 and 64 years were analysed.Outcome measures The presence of hypertension was the outcome measure and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist–hip ratio in men and women separately. The area under the curve (AUC) for three anthropometric indices for discriminating hypertension was also obtained. Separate analyses were conducted for waist circumference and waist–hip ratio analyses further adjusted for BMI.Results BMI was linearly associated with hypertension in men (OR for 1 SD increase in BMI 1.45, p=0.001) and women (OR for 1 SD increase in BMI 1.41, p=0.01). The association of waist circumference was independent of BMI both in men (OR for 1 SD increase in waist circumference: 1.74, p=0.002) and women (OR for 1 SD increase in waist circumference: 1.57, p=0.029). The association of waist–hip ratio with hypertension adjusted for BMI was significant in men (OR for 1 SD increase in the waist–hip ratio: 1.46, p<0.001), but was weak and non-significant in women. The AUC for BMI was 0.64 in men and 0.67 in women, while AUC for waist circumference was 0.69 both in men and women.Conclusions Waist circumference was associated with hypertension independent of BMI among public employees in northern Ethiopia.