CONTAMINATION STATUS OF CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC COMPONENTS AROUND THE BIDHYADHARI RIVER OF INDIAN SUNDARBAN DELTA

Abstract

This study has been conducted to estimate the concentration of total Cadmium (Cd) in different biotic and abiotic substrates including human in and around the Bidyadhari river of Sundarban delta. Bidyadhari river presently serves as a sewage and excess rainwater outlet from Kolkata metropolitan and adjacent area, which ultimately empties at the Bay of Bengal. The study reveals that the Cd content in surface water of the river and ponds as well as ground water was generally high up to 0.294 µg/ml and 0.205 µg/ml respectively during most of the seasons, which was above the maximum permissible level for drinking water as per various national and international standards like Indian Standard Specification, European Union, WHO, USEPA etc. Though, range of Cd in sediment of the river and ponds was 0.025 to 0.281µg/g and 0.018 to 0.317µg/g respectively but that was considerably higher in grasses up to 0.324µg/g. Backyard hen demonstrated considerably high levels of Cd in their egg up to 0.247µg/g in albumen and 0.272 µg/g in yolk. Goat and cattle demonstrated Cd content in meat up to 0.295µg/g and milk up to 0.295µg/ml respectively which crosses the permissible levels recommended by different international standards. High Cd content in human hairs up to 1.11µg/g indicated considerably bioaccumulation of the metal in local inhabitants resides in the northern part of Sundarban mangrove eco-region. This whole observation may be considered as base line study to know the present status of Cd contamination and bioaccumulation in flora and fauna including humans in Sundarban mangrove eco-region to prepare mitigation planning against this carcinogen from the biota immediately.

Keywords

• Cadmium
• Sundarban delta
• Bidyadhari river
• High tide
• Ebb tide
• Pond water
• Tube well water
• Sediment
• Egg
• Milk
• Meat
• Human hairs