Bilateral familial vertical Duane Syndrome with synergistic convergence, aberrant trigeminal innervation, and facial hypoplasia

Abstract

A 5-year-old girl presented with bilateral familial vertical Duane retraction syndrome with alternating esotropia, elevation deficit, Marcus gunn phenomenon, and facial hypoplasia. Abnormal adducting downshoots on attempting abduction suggestive of a synergistic convergence were noted. Hypothesis suggests aberrant innervations or peripheral anatomic connections between inferior and medial recti.

Keywords

• Aberrant trigeminal innervation
• bilateral familial vertical duane retraction syndrome
• facial hypoplasia
• synergistic convergence