Steel balls forming by cross rolling with upsetting

Abstract

The paper describes a process of forming four balls with a diameter of 22 mm by means of cross rolling with upsetting. The paper also presents the tool used to form semi-finished balls. Owing to the application of the finite element method (FEM), the course of the rolling process as well as temperature and strain distributions in the obtained balls could be presented. The rolling tests conducted in laboratory conditions at the Lublin University of Technology have proved that the balls produced with the developed rolling method meet the demands for grinding media used in ball mills.

Keywords

• forming
• steel balls
• cross rolling
• FEM