Análise do tratamento cirúrgico da raiz da aorta com o tubo valvulado e com a preservação da valva aórtica Analysis of aortic root surgery with composite mechanical aortic valve conduit and valve-sparing reconstruction

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Análise comparativa dos resultados imediatos e tardios da reconstrução da raiz da aorta com o tubo valvulado e com a preservação da valva aórtica. MÉTODOS: No período de novembro de 2002 a setembro de 2009, 164 pacientes com idade média de 54 ± 15 anos, sendo 115 do sexo masculino, foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da raiz da aorta. Foram 125 tubos valvulados e 39 reconstruções da raiz da aorta com preservação da valva aórtica. Dezesseis por cento dos pacientes eram portadores de síndrome de Marfan e 4,3% apresentavam valva aórtica bivalvulada. Cento e quarenta e quatro (88%) pacientes foram acompanhados durante tempo médio de seguimento de 41,1 ± 20,8 meses. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade hospitalar total foi de 4,9%; sendo 5,6% nas operações com tubo valvulado e 2,6% nas preservações da valva aórtica (POBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of early and late results of aortic root reconstruction with aortic valve sparing operations and the composite mechanical valve conduit replacement. METHODS: From November 2002 to September 2009, 164 consecutive patients with mean age 54 ± 15 years, 115 male, underwent the aortic root reconstruction (125 mechanical valve conduit replacements and 39 valve sparing operations). Sixteen percent of patients had Marfan syndrome and 4.3% had bicuspid aortic valve. One hundred and forty-four patients (88%) were followed for a mean period of 41.1 ± 20.8 months. RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 4.9%, 5.6% in operations with valved conduits and 2.6% in the valve sparing procedures (P <0.05). There was no difference neither in survival (95% CI = 86% - 96%, P= 0.1) nor in reoperation-free survival (95% CI = 85% - 90%, P = 0.29). The survival free of complications such as bleeding, thromboembolism and endocarditis were favorable to the valve sparing operations, respectively (95% CI = 70% - 95%, P = 0.001), (95% CI = 82% - 95% P = 0.03) and (95% CI = 81% - 95%, P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that creatinine greater than 1.4 mg/dl, Cabrol operation and renal dialysis were predictors of mortality, respectively, with occurrence chance of 6 (95% CI = 1.8 - 19.5, P = 0.003), 12 (95% CI = 3 - 49.7, P = 0.0004) and 16 (95% CI = 3.6 - 71.3, P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The aortic root reconstruction has a low early and late mortality, high survival free of complications and low need for reoperation. During the late follow-up, valve sparing aortic root reconstructions presented fewer incidences of bleeding, thromboembolic events and endocarditis.

Keywords

• Aorta
• Aneurisma da aorta torácica
• Insuficiência da valva aórtica
• Valva aórtica
• Aorta
• Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
• Aortic valve insufficiency
• Aortic valve