Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
STAGES AND RESULTS OF BREEDING OF SPHAEROCOCCUM TRITICALE (T. SPHAEROCOCCUM PERC.) IN KRASNODAR RIA AFTER P.P. LUKIYANENKO (PART 1)
Abstract
Sphaerococcum triticale, which has been cultivating by highly-developed ancient civilizations of India, is of great interest for present highly technological agriculture as it possesses a unique combination of high quality of grain and intensive plant habit. Among all wheat varieties shpaerococcum triticale is adapted and adjusted to intensive cultivating technology, large doses of fertilizers, growing under irrigation, combine harvesting and industrial processing. Shpaerococcum triticale exceeds all other wheat varieties even the most popular soft wheat in these traits, especially in lodging tolerance and technological processing of grain into flour. Breeders and scientists of the whole world tried to transfer useful traits of shpaerococcum triticale on soft wheat, but there was no any breeding inside shpaerococcum triticale itself. All reached up to now collection samples of shpaerococcum triticale have come from peninsula Indostan and are presented only by spring varieties. They are not adapted to cultivating technologies and to various diseases, which are characteristic for North-Caucasus of Russia. According to many scientists the second forms of sphaerococcum triticale are often bred from other wheat varieties by mutagenesis. At our institute the interesting variety of winter sphaerococcum triticale KN 4333 was bred by hybridization of winter soft and durum triticales. The form was of great interest for further development and selection as it possesses high quality of grain and more adapted to the local climate due to its genetics. The line KN 4333 became a basis and a founder of breeding of varieties of sphaerococcum triticale. During 25 years of work in Krasnodar RIA after P.P. Lukiyanenko high qualitative intensive varieties of winter sphaerococcum triticale ‘Sharada’, ‘Praskoviya’ and ‘Eremeevna’ were bred and implemented in industry as they possess high technological trait when processing into flour and groats.
