Vaccines (Mar 2020)

Characteristics of Seasonal Influenza Virus Activity in a Subtropical City in China, 2013–2019

  • Aiqin Zhu,
  • Jianhua Liu,
  • Chuchu Ye,
  • Jianxing Yu,
  • Zhibing Peng,
  • Luzhao Feng,
  • Liping Wang,
  • Ying Qin,
  • Yaming Zheng,
  • Zhongjie Li

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010108
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 8, no. 1
p. 108

Abstract

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Background: To optimize seasonal influenza vaccination programs in regions with potentially complicated seasonal patterns, the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza activity in a subtropical city of China were explored. Materials and Methods: Influenza virus data of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) during 2013−2019 were collected from two sentinel hospitals in a subtropical region of China, Yichang city. The influenza virus positive rate among sampled ILI cases served as a proxy to estimate influenza seasonal characteristics, including periodicity, duration, peaks, and predominant subtypes/lineages. Epidemiological features of different years, seasons and age groups were analyzed, and vaccine mismatches were identified. Results: In total, 8693 ILI cases were included; 1439 (16.6%) were laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. The influenza A positive rate (10.6%) was higher than the influenza B positive rate (5.9%). There were three influenza circulation patterns in Yichang: (1) annual periodicity (in 2013−2014, 2015−2016 and 2018−2019), (2) semiannual periodicity (in 2014−2015), and (3) year-round periodicity (in 2016−2017 and 2017−2018). Summer epidemics existed in two of the six years and were dominated by influenza A/H3N2. Winter and spring epidemics occurred in five of the six years, and A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata were codominant. During the study period, the predominant lineages, B/Victoria in 2015-16 and B/Yamagata in 2017−2018, were both mismatched with the influenza B component of the trivalent vaccine. Children 5−14 years old (26.4%) and individuals over 60 years old (16.9%) had the highest influenza positive rates. Conclusions: The seasonal epidemic period and the predominant subtype/lineage of influenza viruses in Yichang city are complex. Influenza vaccination timing and strategies need to be optimized according to the local features of influenza virus activity.

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