Entropy Generation of Cu–Al₂O₃/Water Flow with Convective Boundary Conditions through a Porous Stretching Sheet with Slip Effect, Joule Heating and Chemical Reaction

Abstract

Currently, the efficiency of heat exchange is not only determined by enhancements in the rate of heat transfer but also by economic and accompanying considerations. Responding to this demand, many scientists have been involved in improving heat transfer performance, which is referred to as heat transfer enhancement, augmentation, or intensification. This study deals with the influence on hybrid Cu–Al2CO3/water nanofluidic flows on a porous stretched sheet of velocity slip, convective boundary conditions, Joule heating, and chemical reactions using an adapted Tiwari–Das model. Nonlinear fundamental equations such as continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration are transmuted into a non-dimensional ordinary nonlinear differential equation by similarity transformations. Numerical calculations are performed using HAM and the outcomes are traced on graphs such as velocity, temperature, and concentration. Temperature and concentration profiles are elevated as porosity is increased, whereas velocity is decreased. The Biot number increases the temperature profile. The rate of entropy is enhanced as the Brinkman number is raised. A decrease in the velocity is seen as the slip increases.

Keywords

• hybrid nanofluid
• convective
• Joule heating
• porosity
• stretching sheet
• chemical reaction