The Relationship Between Thrombo-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cellular Indices of Inflammation in Lymphoma Patients

Abstract

Introduction Thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers play an important role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. We aimed to characterize the interrelationship of thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers and blood cellular indices in lymphoma patients. Materials and Methods Ninety-eight lymphoma patient samples were collected from Lymphoma Center of Clinic of Hematology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Normal controls (n = 50) represented plasma from healthy individuals. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), D-Dimer, factor XIII, C-reactive protein (CRP), microparticles (Mp), Von Willebrand factor (vWF), total protein S, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF α ), β 2-glycoprotein I ( β 2GPI), and fibronectin levels were measured utilizing commercially-available ELISA methods. Thrombin generation profile (TGA) was measured using a fluorometric kinetic assay. Platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were measured in conjunction with the complete blood profile. Results Statistically significant differences were noted in levels of PAI-1, D-Dimer, factor XIII, CRP, microparticles, vWF, uPA, TNF α , β 2GPI, fibronectin, and TGA when compared to normal (all P values < .001). Platelet to leukocyte ratio (PLA) correlated to TNF α and fibronectin ( R = −0.31 and −0.53, respectively) and the platelet to neutrophil ratio (PNR) correlated to factor XIII and β 2GPI ( R = 0.40 and 0.40, respectively). Conclusion Plasma samples from lymphoma patients demonstrated a significantly altered thrombo-inflammatory biomarker profile that has notable correlations to blood cellular indices.