Association between homicide injury severity and benzodiazepine influence

Abstract

There are case reports of offenders inflicting excessive injuries on their victims when under the influence of benzodiazepines. However, the potential association between benzodiazepine influence on the offender and victim injury severity in a general homicide population has not been studied. We investigated associations between offender positive testing for benzodiazepines or z-drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone and zaleplon) and victim injury severity. Data were drawn from 95 Swedish homicide cases from 2007–2009 in which offenders had known toxicology. There were no significant differences in injury severity between cases in which the offender tested positive vs. negative for benzodiazepines/z-drugs. Thus, the findings do not support the hypothesis that there is an association between benzodiazepine influence on the offender and victim injury severity in a general homicide population.Key points Some previous studies have linked benzodiazepines to aggression, violence and excessive homicide injuries. The present study analysed the association between homicide injury severity and benzodiazepine status of the offender. Offenders who tested positive for benzodiazepines did not inflict more severe injuries on their victims. These findings do not support the hypothesis that benzodiazepine influence generally causes offenders to inflict more severe injuries on homicide victims.

Keywords

• forensic sciences
• forensic pathology
• homicide
• injury severity
• injury severity score
• quantification
• benzodiazepines