Poor Prognosis of COVID‐19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Lupus Erythematosus: Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Population Study Of 252 119 Patients

Abstract

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has progressed rapidly around the world, reaching a lethality of up to 20% due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This latter condition is a relevant concern for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, data on this topic are limited to few case series. Our objective was to evaluate in hospitalized patients with SLE and with COVID‐19–associated ARDS (confirmed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction) the risk of mortality and combined poor outcomes (death, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, and/or mechanical ventilation [MV] use) and to compare with that of patients without SLE. Methods This is a nationwide cross‐sectional study of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nested in the national Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe [SIVEP‐gripe]). Mortality rates, frequencies of ICU admissions, and MV use for 319 patients with SLE and 251 800 patients without SLE were calculated as well as relative risks (RRs). A fully adjusted multiple logistic regression was performed to adjust factors, such as age and well‐known comorbidities, that might impact worse outcomes. Results Patients with SLE had an increased risk of death and combined poor outcome compared with patients without SLE (RR = 1.738, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.557‐1.914, and RR = 1.391, 95% CI: 1.282‐1.492, respectively). Among all investigated comorbidities, SLE yielded the higher risk of death and combined poor outcomes (RR = 2.205, 95% CI: 1.780‐2.633, and RR = 1.654, 95% CI: 1.410‐1.88, respectively). Conclusions This study provides novel evidence that patients with SLE hospitalized because of COVID‐19 have significantly higher risks of death and poor outcomes compared with patients without comorbidities and patients with other comorbidities.