Anti-Shigellosis Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Extracts from <i>Diospyros gilletii</i> Stem Bark

Audrey Carrel Nguelo Talla; Eugénie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne; Vincent Ngouana; Bijou-Lafortune Noumboue Kouamou; Listone Monelle Nzeye Ngameni; Brice Rostan Pinlap; Yanick Kevin Dongmo Melogmo; Branly-Natalien Nguena-Dongue; Boniface Pone Kamdem; Paul Keilah Lunga; Fabrice Fekam Boyom

doi:10.3390/ddc3010015

Drugs and Drug Candidates (Mar 2024)

Anti-Shigellosis Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Extracts from <i>Diospyros gilletii</i> Stem Bark

Audrey Carrel Nguelo Talla,
Eugénie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne,
Vincent Ngouana,
Bijou-Lafortune Noumboue Kouamou,
Listone Monelle Nzeye Ngameni,
Brice Rostan Pinlap,
Yanick Kevin Dongmo Melogmo,
Branly-Natalien Nguena-Dongue,
Boniface Pone Kamdem,
Paul Keilah Lunga,
Fabrice Fekam Boyom

Affiliations

Audrey Carrel Nguelo Talla: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Eugénie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Vincent Ngouana: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon
Bijou-Lafortune Noumboue Kouamou: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Listone Monelle Nzeye Ngameni: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Brice Rostan Pinlap: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Yanick Kevin Dongmo Melogmo: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Branly-Natalien Nguena-Dongue: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Boniface Pone Kamdem: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Paul Keilah Lunga: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Fabrice Fekam Boyom: Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc3010015
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 3, no. 1
pp. 256 – 274

Abstract

Read online

Shigellosis is a pathological condition that affects the digestive system and possibly causes diarrhoea. Shigella species, which are responsible for this disease, are highly contagious and spread through contaminated food and water. The increasing development of resistance by Shigella species necessitates the urgent need to search for new therapies against diarrhoea-causing shigellosis. The scientific validation of medicinal plants, such as Diospyros gilletii, which is used for the traditional treatment of diarrhoeal conditions is worthwhile. The present study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from D. gilletii against selected Shigella species. Extracts from D. gilletii stem bark were prepared by maceration using various solvents. The antibacterial activity of D. gilletii extracts was evaluated in Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei using a microdilution method, whereas a cytotoxicity test was performed on Vero and Raw cells using resazurin-based colorimetric assays. Bacterial membrane-permeability studies were evaluated using propidium iodide (PI)- and 1-N-phenyl-naphthylamine (NPN)-uptake assays, whereas inhibition and eradication tests on bacterial biofilms were carried out by spectrophotometry. As a result, methanol, ethanol and hydroethanol (water: ethanol; 30:70, v/v) extracts of D. gilletii inhibited the growth of S. boydii, S. flexneri and S. sonnei, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg/mL, without toxicity to Vero and Raw cells. Time-kill kinetics revealed bactericidal orientation at 2 MIC and 4 MIC and a bacteriostatic outcome at 1/2 MIC. The mechanistic basis of antibacterial action revealed that D. gilletii extracts inhibited and eradicated Shigella biofilms and promoted the accumulation of NPN and PI within the inner and outer membranes of bacteria to increase membrane permeability, thereby causing membrane damage. This novel contribution toward the antibacterial mechanisms of action of D. gilletii extracts against Shigella species substantiates the use of this plant in the traditional treatment of infectious diarrhoea.

Published in Drugs and Drug Candidates

ISSN: 2813-2998 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Pharmacy and materia medica; Science: Chemistry
Website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ddc

About the journal

Abstract

Keywords