IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (Jan 2016)
GEROS-ISS: GNSS REflectometry, Radio Occultation, and Scatterometry Onboard the International Space Station
- Jens Wickert,
- Estel Cardellach,
- Manuel Martin-Neira,
- Jorge Bandeiras,
- Laurent Bertino,
- Ole Baltazar Andersen,
- Adriano Camps,
- Nuno Catarino,
- Bertrand Chapron,
- Fran Fabra,
- Nicolas Floury,
- Giuseppe Foti,
- Christine Gommenginger,
- Jason Hatton,
- Per Hoeg,
- Adrian Jaggi,
- Michael Kern,
- Tong Lee,
- Zhijin Li,
- Hyuk Park,
- Nazzareno Pierdicca,
- Gerhard Ressler,
- Antonio Rius,
- Josep Rosello,
- Jan Saynisch,
- Francois Soulat,
- C. K. Shum,
- Maximilian Semmling,
- Ana Sousa,
- Jiping Xie,
- Cinzia Zuffada
Affiliations
- Jens Wickert
- German Research Center for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
- Estel Cardellach
- Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia/Institute of Space Sciences-Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
- Manuel Martin-Neira
- National Oceanography Center, Southampton, U.K.
- Jorge Bandeiras
- DEIMOS Engenharia S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
- Laurent Bertino
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
- Ole Baltazar Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Adriano Camps
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Nuno Catarino
- German Research Center for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
- Bertrand Chapron
- IFREMER—Centre de Brest, Pointe du diable, Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer, Plouzane, BP 70, France
- Fran Fabra
- Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia/Institute of Space Sciences-Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
- Nicolas Floury
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Giuseppe Foti
- IFREMER—Centre de Brest, Pointe du diable, Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer, Plouzane, BP 70, France
- Christine Gommenginger
- National Oceanography Center, Southampton, U.K.
- Jason Hatton
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Per Hoeg
- Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Adrian Jaggi
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Michael Kern
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Tong Lee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Zhijin Li
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Hyuk Park
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Nazzareno Pierdicca
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gerhard Ressler
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Antonio Rius
- Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia/Institute of Space Sciences-Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Rosello
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Jan Saynisch
- German Research Center for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
- Francois Soulat
- Space Oceanography Division, Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), 8-10 rue Hermès, Ramonville, St-Agne, France
- C. K. Shum
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Maximilian Semmling
- German Research Center for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
- Ana Sousa
- DEIMOS Engenharia S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
- Jiping Xie
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
- Cinzia Zuffada
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2614428
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9,
no. 10
pp. 4552 – 4581
Abstract
GEROS-ISS stands for GNSS REflectometry, radio occultation, and scatterometry onboard the International Space Station (ISS). It is a scientific experiment, successfully proposed to the European Space Agency in 2011. The experiment as the name indicates will be conducted on the ISS. The main focus of GEROS-ISS is the dedicated use of signals from the currently available Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in L-band for remote sensing of the Earth with a focus to study climate change. Prime mission objectives are the determination of the altimetric sea surface height of the oceans and of the ocean surface mean square slope, which is related to sea roughness and wind speed. These geophysical parameters are derived using reflected GNSS signals (GNSS reflectometry, GNSS-R). Secondary mission goals include atmosphere/ionosphere sounding using refracted GNSS signals (radio occultation, GNSS-RO) and remote sensing of land surfaces using GNSS-R. The GEROS-ISS mission objectives and its design, the current status, and ongoing activities are reviewed and selected scientific and technical results of the GEROS-ISS preparation phase are described.
Keywords
- Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) reflectometry
- GNSS radio occultation
- international space station
- mean sea level
- mesoscale ocean currents
