Acta Botânica Brasílica (Jun 2008)

Anatomia comparada das folhas e raízes de Cymbidium Hort. (Orchidaceae) cultivadas ex vitro e in vitro Comparative leaf and root anatomy of ex vitro and in vitro cultured Cymbidium Hort. plants

  • Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer,
  • Luciana Lopes Fortes Ribas,
  • Cleusa Bona,
  • Marguerite Quoirin

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062008000200003
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 22, no. 2
pp. 323 – 332

Abstract

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Na fase de cultivo in vitro, as plantas são mantidas em ambiente com alta umidade relativa do ar, baixa luminosidade e trocas gasosas restritas, o que resulta em taxa de transpiração reduzida. Portanto, quando essas mudas são expostas ao meio ex vitro, sofrem estresse que pode causar a morte. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a estrutura anatômica das mudas de Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' cultivadas ex vitro (planta matriz e aclimatizada) e in vitro e verificar se a estrutura anatômica das plantas in vitro influencia no processo de aclimatização. As plantas ex vitro foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação, em vasos individuais com o substrato fibra de coco em pó combinada com fibra de coco, e as plantas in vitro foram mantidas em meio de cultura MS. Para a análise anatômica qualitativa foram coletadas amostras de folhas e raízes de plantas ex vitro e in vitro. As plantas aclimatizadas apresentaram estrutura morfoanatômica semelhante à da planta matriz. A estrutura anatômica das plantas in vitro não influenciou a sobrevivência das mudas durante a aclimatização devido à plasticidade fenotipica desse cultivar. As plantas de Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' possuem grande capacidade de aclimatização ao ambiente, sendo provavelmente este um dos fatores responsáveis pela sobrevivência de 100% das mudas.During in vitro culture plants are kept in an atmosphere with high relative humidity, low light intensity and reduced gas exchange, resulting in low transpiration rates. Therefore, when these plants are exposed to ex vitro conditions, they suffer stress, which can induce mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomical structure of Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' plants from ex vitro (mother plant and acclimatized plants) and in vitro cultures and to verify if the anatomical structure of in vitro cultured plants affects acclimatization. The ex vitro plants were kept in a greenhouse in pots containing a mixture of coconut-fiber powder and coconut fiber. The in vitro plants were kept in MS culture medium. For the qualitative anatomical analysis, samples of leaves and roots were collected from ex vitro and in vitro plants. The acclimatized plants presented morphological and anatomical structure similar to the mother plant. The anatomical structure of in vitro plants did not affect plant survival during the acclimatization process, as this cultivar has great phenotypic plasticity. Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' plants have high capacity of adaptation to the environment and this characteristic is likely to be responsible for their survival rate of 100% during acclimatization.

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