Transformacja granicy kanadyjsko-amerykańskiej po 11 września 2001 roku

Abstract

The Transformation of the Canadian‑American Border after September 11, 2001 The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of the three periods of border relations between the United States and Canada after the end of the Cold War (openness, dominance of security and uncertainty), with particular emphasis on recent events affecting the transformation of the role of the border. Such a construction allows to analyze key changes after September 11, 2001, that led to the redefinition of the border policy, but also transformations connected with the election of Donald J. Trump in November 2016. Since then the border line have become a symbol of unprecedented tense relations between Canada and the USA.

Keywords

• Canada
• United States of America
• North America
• border
• securitization
• smart border