Supralabial Site: An Alternative Site for Bispectral Index Monitoring: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background Bi-spectral index (BIS) has been traditionally used to monitor the depth of anesthesia, with the forehead being the usual site for electrode placement. When the manufacturer-recommended site is itself an operative field or the placement interferes with the surgery, the search for an alternative position of electrode placement is warranted. In our endeavor to do so, we conducted this study to compare BIS scores derived from frontal and supralabial electrode placement. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 50 patients using two BIS Quatro sensors attached to the frontal and supralabial regions of each patient and connected to two different sets of monitors. BIS values, electromyography (EMG) values, and signal quality index (SQI) were noted from both sites every 15 min during the maintenance phase of anesthesia. Collected data were analyzed using the Bland–Altman analysis. Results Data analysis of BIS values showed negative bias at most time points with a minimum negative bias of 0.2 with a limit of agreement of −3.67/3.27 and a maximum negative bias of 1.14 with a limit of agreement of −7.61/5.33. The overall 95% limit of agreement for pooled BIS data ranged from −6.63 to 6.1. Conclusion BIS sensor placement at the supralabial site can be used as an alternative to the frontal placement in scenarios where the frontal position is the surgical site or is inaccessible during the maintenance of general anesthesia as in neurosurgery with particular emphasis on skin preparation and proper positioning of BIS electrodes to improve the signal quality.

Keywords

• supralabial
• bispectral index
• intraoperative awareness