Stresses as an Object of Management: Essence, Classification, and Factors of Formation

Abstract

The article explores the etymology and semantics of the concept of «stress» and suggests its multiaspectual consideration: as a phenomenon that occurs under the influence of extreme factors of internal and external functioning environment; as a system of reactions of either the subject or the object on specific factors of environment; as a state which does not belong to the category of organic and is characterized by significant deviations from such. A generalized comprehensive classification of varieties of stresses by substantive and independent attributes has been compiled, that provides more versatile characterizing stresses and helps to prepare informational ground for identifying their parameters. It has been proved, that the diversity of stresses occurs under the influence of stressors (stress factors), i.e. there are factors that predispose their evolving and progress. A classification of impact of stressors on individual by the semantic attribute has been proposed, allowing to allocate personal, family, institutional, and extaorganizational stressors. In the context of impact on enterprise, it has been suggested to consider stressors from the standpoint of internal and external position environment.

Keywords

• stress
• stressor
• variety of stresses
• reaction
• state