A Rare Presentation of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Optic Neuritis with Venous Stasis Retinopathy and Premacular Hemorrhage: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated disorders can cause inflammation of the central nervous system in various specific organs. Ocular involvement manifests as optic neuritis is one of the most common presentations; other ocular presentations are uncommon. Recently, rare ocular complications have been reported in conjunction with MOG-associated optic neuritis. We reported a rare case of acute venous stasis retinopathy co-occurring with bilateral optic neuritis. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old woman complained of a throbbing headache for 2 weeks before developing visual loss in her right eye. She was diagnosed with presumed central retinal vein occlusion and was scheduled for further investigations. Two days later, she suddenly lost vision in her left eye and was admitted to the hospital. An eye examination revealed tortuous and dilated veins and optic disk swelling, notably in the right eye, compatible with venous stasis retinopathy in both eyes. Her right eye also had a premacular hemorrhage and vitreous hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhancement of bilateral optic nerves, and MOG antibody was detected in her serum. She successfully achieved a rapid improvement of vision in the left eye with intravenous methylprednisolone. However, her vision in the right eye did not recover due to dense vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusion: Venous stasis retinopathy is a rare complication of MOG-associated optic neuritis. High-dose corticosteroids result in a rapid response and excellent symptom recovery. Ongoing reports may uncover new clinical presentations associated with this disorder.

Keywords

• optic neuritis
• visual loss
• vitreous hemorrhage
• retinopathy
• venous stasis retinopathy