Machine learning for image analysis in the cervical spine: Systematic review of the available models and methods

• C.M.W. Goedmakers,
• L.M. Pereboom,
• J.W. Schoones,
• M.L. de Leeuw den Bouter,
• R.F. Remis,
• M. Staring,
• C.L.A. Vleggeert-Lankamp

Affiliations

C.M.W. Goedmakers

Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.

L.M. Pereboom

Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE), Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands

J.W. Schoones

Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

M.L. de Leeuw den Bouter

Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Department of Numerical Analysis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands

R.F. Remis

Circuits and Systems Group, Microelectronics Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands

M. Staring

Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Intelligent Systems Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands

C.L.A. Vleggeert-Lankamp

Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery Haaglanden Medical Centre and HAGA Teaching Hospitals, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands